Illustration © thegardening.co
Indoor Very easy ⚠ Toxic to pets

ZZ Plant

Zamioculcas zamiifolia · ZZ plant

Waxy, dark-green leaflets on arching stems, growing happily in low light and near-total neglect. It stores water in fat underground rhizomes, so the only real way to kill it is kindness with the watering can.

Difficulty 1 / 5 — bulletproof

Mildly toxic to cats, dogs & people if chewed

Contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in the sap; chewing causes mouth irritation and drooling, and the sap can irritate skin and eyes. Mild and self-limiting, but wash your hands after cutting it and keep it away from nibblers. Source: ASPCA.

Care at a glance

Everything that matters, in six lines. The detail is further down.

Light

Low to bright, indirect

One of the best true low-light plants. Brighter light just speeds it up. No harsh direct sun.

Water

Let it dry out fully

Every 2–4 weeks. The rhizomes store water, so err dry — overwatering is the one real danger.

Temperature

15–27 °C · min 12 °C

Normal room warmth; keep it above 12 °C and away from cold glass.

Humidity

Whatever you have

Completely unbothered by dry air.

Feeding

Barely any

A weak feed once or twice over summer is plenty.

Soil

Free-draining

Peat-free compost cut with grit or perlite, or a cactus mix.

The almanac · ZZ Plant through the year

What to do, and when

Spring

New spears push up from the base. Resume light watering and repot only if truly congested.

Summer

Its active season. Water when fully dry and give one weak feed.

Autumn

Growth slows. Cut back on water as the light fades.

Winter

All but dormant. Water once a month at most and never feed.

Built to survive neglect

The ZZ evolved in East Africa with long dry spells, and it comes equipped with potato-like rhizomes that hoard water. That is why it shrugs off a fortnight away, a dim office corner, and an owner who forgets it — and why the fastest way to kill it is watering it like a fern.

Let the compost dry out completely, then water thoroughly and tip away anything in the saucer. When you are unsure, wait another week.

Quick tell: yellowing stems and a soft, wobbly base mean the rhizomes are rotting from too much water. Let it dry hard, and repot into gritty mix if it has gone far.

Slow but steady

A ZZ is not a fast plant. It puts up a flush of bright green spears a couple of times a year, which darken and harden as they mature. If nothing is happening, it is usually just resting or short of light — not a problem to fix.

You can propagate by division when repotting, or from single leaflets stood in compost, though the leaf method takes many months to form a new rhizome.

Common problems

Yellowing stems

Overwatering and rhizome rot. Let it dry out hard; repot if the base is soft.

Leggy, stretched stems

Very dark spot. It copes, but move it a little brighter for sturdier growth.

Brown leaf tips

Usually tap-water salts or the odd dry spell. Not serious.

No new growth

Often just resting, or too dark. Patience, or a brighter position.

Affiliate disclosure — some links below are affiliate links, so we may earn a small commission if you buy through them. It never changes what we recommend, and we only include things this plant genuinely needs. Our affiliate policy →

Everything a ZZ needs

Possibly the shortest list on the site.

Essentials — get these right and it thrives
The plant
ZZ plant
Firm upright stems; avoid any soft or yellowing at the base.
Links soon
Compost
Free-draining / cactus mix
Drainage is the whole defence against rot.
Links soon
Pot
Pot with drainage + saucer
A drainage hole is non-negotiable for this one.
Links soon
Worth it — genuinely useful, not obligatory
Tool
Moisture meter
Handy insurance against the one thing that kills it.
Links soon
Tool
Small LED grow light
Only if the spot is genuinely dark — it speeds things up.
Links soon

We take no commission on anything in the "save your money" tier — if we don't think you should buy it, we don't link it. How our recommendations work

If you like this, try

Other plants with a similar temperament.

How we checked this

Care cross-checked against the RHS and NC State Extension. Toxicity confirmed against the ASPCA database (insoluble calcium oxalates — mild; sap irritant). If our page and these sources ever disagree, believe them — and tell us.

Sources: RHS · NC State Extension · ASPCA

Last reviewed · July 2026