Botanical illustration of Zinnia
Botanical illustration © thegardening.co
Outdoor Very easy 🐾 Pet-safe

Zinnia

Zinnia elegans

Big, bold, hot-coloured daisies on strong stems — one of the best cut flowers you can grow from a packet of seed. They thrive on heat and hate having their roots disturbed, so the trick is to sow them where they'll grow or into deep modules, and never let them check.

Difficulty 2 / 5 — easy from seed, loves heat

Non-toxic to cats, dogs & horses (ASPCA)

Zinnias are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses on the ASPCA database. A safe, easy annual for a cutting patch or a hot-coloured border.

Care at a glance

Everything that matters, in six lines. The detail is further down.

Light

Full sun

Zinnias are heat-lovers — give them the hottest, sunniest spot you have. In shade or a cold summer they sulk and get mildew.

Water

At the base, not overhead

Water the soil, keeping the leaves dry — wet foliage invites mildew. They cope with some dryness once their roots are down.

Temperature

Tender — needs warmth

Frost-tender and hungry for heat. Don't sow or plant out until the soil has warmed and frost has passed, from late May.

Sowing

Direct or deep modules

Zinnias resent root disturbance. Sow straight where they'll grow, or into deep individual modules — never prick out or transplant bare-rooted.

Feeding

Light — high-potash in pots

In decent ground they need little. In pots, a fortnightly high-potash feed keeps the flowers coming through the summer.

Soil

Fertile, free-draining

Rich but well-drained soil suits them best. They flower less on poor, dry ground and rot in anything cold and wet.

The almanac · Zinnia through the year

What to do, and when

Spring

Sow indoors in deep modules from April, or wait to sow direct once frost has passed. Keep young plants growing on without a check to their roots.

Summer

Plant out or sow direct from late May into warm soil. They flower from July — start cutting or deadheading to keep more blooms coming.

Autumn

Flowering runs on into early autumn until the first frost blackens them. Collect seed from favourites, then pull the spent plants and compost them.

Winter

Nothing outdoors — zinnias are tender annuals here. Store any saved seed somewhere cool and dry, and plan next year's cutting patch.

Sow them where they'll grow

The single most important thing to know about zinnias is that they hate their roots disturbed. Pricked out and transplanted the usual way, they check badly and can take weeks to recover — or never really do.

So either sow them direct into warm soil where they're to flower, thinning to a hand's width apart, or start them in deep individual modules or root-trainers and plant the whole rootball out without breaking it up. Skip the seed tray and the pricking-out step entirely and they romp away.

Don't sow too early. Zinnias want warmth — seed sown into cold soil or plants set out before late May just sit and sulk. Patience beats a head start here.

One of the best cut flowers going

If you want flowers for the house, zinnias are hard to beat — strong stems, brilliant colours, and the more you cut the more they produce. A short row in the veg patch will keep a vase filled from July to the frosts.

Cut in the cool of the morning, and do the 'wobble test': give the stem a gentle shake, and if it stays firm and upright it's ready to pick; if it bends, leave it a day or two. Picked at the right stage they last a good week in water.

Pinch, cut and keep them coming

Pinch out the growing tip when a young plant is about 30 cm tall. It feels counterintuitive to remove the first bud, but it makes the plant branch low down and gives you far more, longer stems than a single tall one.

After that, keep picking or deadheading. Every flower you cut or every faded bloom you remove pushes the plant to make more — leave them to set seed and flowering slows right down.

Common problems

Powdery mildew

White dusty coating on the leaves in humid or crowded conditions. Space plants for airflow, water the soil not the foliage, and grow more mildew-resistant types.

Checked, stunted plants

Almost always root disturbance or a cold start. Sow direct or into deep modules, plant out without breaking the rootball, and wait for warm soil.

Leggy, few flowers

Too little sun, or the tip was never pinched. Grow in full sun and pinch out the growing point early to build a branching, floriferous plant.

Grey mould on flowers

Wet summers rot the dense double blooms. Improve airflow, avoid overhead watering, and remove any spoiled flowers promptly before it spreads.

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Everything zinnias need

Warmth, full sun, and roots left undisturbed.

Essentials — get these right and it thrives
The seed
Zinnia elegans seed
Cheap and generous from a packet — pick tall cutting types for the vase, dwarf kinds for pots and edging.
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Sowing
Deep modules or root-trainers
Let you raise plants under cover without disturbing the roots — the key to a good start with zinnias.
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Compost
Peat-free seed compost
A free-draining compost for module-sown seed gives strong, healthy young roots.
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Worth it — genuinely useful, not obligatory
Cutting
Snips or florist's scissors
For clean cuts that keep a cutting patch productive all summer without crushing the stems.
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Feeding
High-potash (tomato) feed
Useful for plants in pots, where a fortnightly feed keeps the flowers coming.
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Other plants with a similar temperament.

How we checked this

Care cross-checked against the RHS. Non-toxicity taken from the ASPCA database, which lists Zinnia as non-toxic. If our page and these sources ever disagree, believe them — and tell us.

Sources: RHS · ASPCA — toxic & non-toxic plants

Last reviewed · August 2026