Botanical illustration of Rosemary
Botanical illustration © thegardening.co
Outdoor Very easy 🐾 Pet-safe

Rosemary

Salvia rosmarinus · formerly Rosmarinus officinalis

An evergreen Mediterranean shrub that happens to be a kitchen staple — pick it fresh twelve months a year. Give rosemary the two things it actually wants, sun and sharp drainage, and it's close to unkillable. Give it rich, wet soil and it rots.

Difficulty 2 / 5 — easy in a sunny, dry spot

Safe around cats & dogs

Rosemary is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses on the ASPCA database — one of the safest and most useful evergreens you can plant near pets. As with any plant, a pet demolishing a whole bush might get mild stomach upset, but there's no toxic risk to worry about.

Care at a glance

Everything that matters, in six lines. The detail is further down.

Position

Full sun

The sunniest, warmest, most sheltered spot you have. It thrives on a hot, dry bank where little else will.

Soil

Sharp-draining, even poor

Gritty, free-draining and not too rich. Heavy, wet winter soil is the one thing that kills it.

Water

Barely, once established

Water new plants their first summer; after that it's drought-tough and resents being kept moist.

Feeding

None needed

It evolved on poor Mediterranean hillsides. Feeding gives soft, floppy growth and less scent.

Pruning

Lightly after flowering

Trim to shape after the spring flowers — but never cut back into old, leafless brown wood; it won't reshoot.

Hardiness

Mostly hardy (H4)

Hardy in a well-drained, sheltered spot; wet cold, not frost, is what rots it. Grow in a pot in cold, damp gardens.

The almanac · Rosemary through the year

What to do, and when

Spring

Pale blue flowers appear and bees arrive. Once they fade, trim lightly to keep the bush compact — this is the moment to prune.

Summer

Harvest freely; it thrives on picking. Take softwood cuttings now — rosemary roots easily and one plant makes many.

Autumn

Ease off entirely — no feeding, minimal water. Make sure pots aren't standing in saucers of water as the wet season starts.

Winter

Evergreen, so you can pick all winter. The danger now is cold, wet roots — sharp drainage is its winter survival kit.

It dies of wet feet, not cold

The rosemary that turns grey, drops its needles and dies over winter was almost never killed by frost — it drowned. Rosemary comes from dry, stony Mediterranean hillsides, and in a British winter the real threat is cold soil that stays sodden for weeks, rotting the roots from below.

So the whole secret is drainage. Plant it high, on gritty soil, in the sunniest spot you have; in a heavy-clay or damp garden, grow it in a pot of gritty compost that you can stand somewhere sheltered and never let sit in water. Get the drainage right and rosemary is one of the toughest, longest-lived herbs you can own.

Quick tell: an old rosemary gone woody and bare at the base can't be renovated — it won't reshoot from bare brown wood. Take cuttings from the young green growth and start a fresh plant rather than cutting the old one hard.

Free plants, forever

Rosemary is one of the easiest shrubs to propagate, which matters because plants do get old and woody after some years. In summer, pull or cut 10cm side-shoots of soft new growth, strip the lower needles, and push them into gritty compost. Kept lightly moist and out of blazing sun, most will root within a few weeks.

A couple of cuttings a year means you always have a young plant coming on to replace an ageing one — and plenty to give away. It's the reason you never really need to buy rosemary twice.

Common problems

Greying, dropping needles in winter

Cold wet roots, not frost. Improve drainage; in damp gardens grow it in a gritty pot kept off saturated ground.

Woody and bare at the base

Old age — it won't reshoot from bare wood. Take cuttings and start a replacement; don't prune hard.

Floppy, soft, scentless growth

Too rich a soil or too much feeding. Stop feeding; it wants lean, dry conditions.

Frothy spit on the stems

Froghoppers ('cuckoo spit') — harmless. Wipe it off if it bothers you; the plant is unharmed.

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Everything rosemary needs

Sun and grit. It actively dislikes most of what people buy for it.

Essentials — get these right and it thrives
The plant
One rosemary plant
Buy one, take cuttings, and you'll never buy another. Pick an upright variety for cooking.
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Drainage
Horticultural grit
Mixed into the planting hole or pot, this is what keeps it alive over winter.
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Worth it — genuinely useful, not obligatory
Pot
A terracotta pot
For damp or clay gardens — breathable, and easy to keep off wet ground.
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Other plants with a similar temperament.

From the Notebook

Seasonal notes and guides that mention the rosemary.

How we checked this

Care guidance cross-checked against the Royal Horticultural Society and NC State Extension. Pet-safety confirmed against the ASPCA database, which lists rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis / Salvia rosmarinus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. If our page and these sources ever disagree, believe them — and tell us.

Sources: RHS · NC State Extension · ASPCA

Last reviewed · July 2026