Botanical illustration of Dahlia
Botanical illustration © thegardening.co
Outdoor Moderate ⚠ Toxic to pets

Dahlia

Dahlia

The workhorse of the late-summer border — endless flowers from midsummer until the first frost, in colours from soft blush to electric. Generous if you feed, water and deadhead; the catch is keeping the tubers alive over winter.

Difficulty 3 / 5 — lift the tubers in cold areas

Mildly toxic to cats & dogs

Dahlias are listed as toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA database. Eating them causes mild stomach upset, and the sap can irritate skin. Unpleasant rather than dangerous, but best kept away from grazing pets.

🐈 Cats🐕 Dogs🧤 Harmful to handle

Care at a glance

Everything that matters, in six lines. The detail is further down.

Position

Full sun

A warm, sunny spot with shelter from strong wind gives the strongest, longest flowering.

Water

Regular in summer

Water deeply through the season, especially once buds form — they're thirsty in a dry spell.

Hardiness

Half-hardy · frost-tender

Hard frost kills the tubers, so in cold areas lift them for winter or mulch very deeply.

Soil

Rich, free-draining

Fertile soil that holds moisture but never waterlogs; dig in compost before planting.

Feeding

High-potash from budding

Switch to a high-potash feed (tomato food is ideal) as buds appear to fuel the flowers.

Flowering

July to first frost

Deadhead relentlessly and they'll keep going right up until the frosts blacken them.

The almanac · Dahlia through the year

What to do, and when

Spring

Start tubers into growth under cover from April; plant out only once all frost has passed, usually late May.

Summer

Stake, feed and deadhead constantly; pinch out the growing tip early for bushier, more floriferous plants.

Autumn

After the first frost blackens the foliage, cut back and lift the tubers to store — or mulch deeply if leaving them in.

Winter

Keep lifted tubers somewhere cool, dry and frost-free, and check them now and then for rot.

Lift them, or lose them

Dahlias are half-hardy: the top growth dies at the first frost, and a hard freeze into the soil will turn the tubers to mush. In mild parts of the country you can leave them in the ground under a thick, dry mulch, but in cold or wet gardens the safe route is to lift, dry and store them over winter.

Lift after the first frost, shake off the soil, trim the stems and let the tubers dry upside down for a few days. Store them in a box of dry compost or sand somewhere cool and frost-free, and start them back into growth under cover in spring.

Quick tell: once the first hard frost turns the leaves black and mushy, that's your cue to cut back and lift the tubers — waiting for a second frost risks losing them.

Pinch, stake and deadhead

Two jobs earn you far more flowers. Pinch out the main growing tip when the plant is young to force bushy side-shoots, and stake taller varieties at planting so a summer storm doesn't snap them off.

Then deadhead often. A spent dahlia bud is pointed and conical, while a fresh unopened bud is round — learn that difference and you'll never accidentally snip off tomorrow's flower.

Common problems

Shoots shredded in spring

Slugs and snails love the soft new growth; protect young plants until they're well established.

Ragged holes in the petals

Earwigs feeding at night; an upturned pot stuffed with straw on a cane traps and moves them on.

Powdery white coating on leaves

Mildew, worse in dry soil late in the season; water deeply at the base and give plants room to breathe.

Tubers rotting in store

Lifted or stored too damp; dry them off thoroughly first and keep somewhere cool, dry and frost-free.

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Everything a dahlia needs

Full sun, rich soil, and frost protection for the tubers.

Essentials — get these right and it thrives
The tuber
Firm, plump dahlia tuber
Choose fat, unshrivelled tubers with a visible 'eye' or shoot at the crown.
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Compost
Peat-free multipurpose, enriched
For starting tubers and potting on; add garden compost for the border.
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Pot
Deep pot for starting off
Room to wake the tubers up under cover before the last frost.
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Worth it — genuinely useful, not obligatory
Plant food
High-potash (tomato) feed
Switches the plant from leaf to flower once the buds appear.
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Support
Sturdy stakes and soft ties
Tall dahlias flop and snap without support — put stakes in at planting.
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How we checked this

Care cross-checked against the RHS. Toxicity taken from the ASPCA database, which lists Dahlia as toxic to cats and dogs — mild stomach upset if eaten, with sap that can irritate skin. If our page and these sources ever disagree, believe them — and tell us.

Sources: RHS · ASPCA — toxic & non-toxic plants

Last reviewed · July 2026